Internal-combustion engine.



E. B. GALBREATH & G. 0. GUERNSEY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1912.

Patented-Jan. 12, 1915.

I E. B. GALBREATH & O. O. GUERNSEY.

INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE.

'APPLIGATION TILED MAY 20, 1912.

Patented Jan. 12, 1915.

Gumm

E. B. GALBRBATH & C. O. GUERNSEY.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. v

GATION FILED MAY 20, 1912.

Patented Jan. 12, 1915.

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EDWIN B. GAL-BREAm Ana oHA'RLEs o. GUERNSEY, or INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. manner-continuation- ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 12, 1915.

Application filed may 20, 1912. Serial No. 628,433.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be 1t known that we, EDWIN B. GAL- BREATH and CHARLES O. GUERNSEY, c1t1- 'zens of the United States, both residing at Indianapolis, in the'c'ounty of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Internal- Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

It is the object of our invention to raise the efiiciency and improve the construction of two cycle internal combustion engines.

We accomplish this'object largely by producing a better scavenging, the burnt gases being forced out of ports at one end of the engine cylinder by compressed air introduced through ports at the other end thereof. The compressed air is preferably obtained by crank case compression, and the ports are cont-rolled by a cylindrical sleeve or movable cylinder carried by the piston and fitting in an annular space between the stationary cylinder and a depressed cylinder head. By reason of the sleeve, a quantity of air greater than the piston displacement, or even than the total capacity of the cylinder atatmospheric pressure, is thus rendered available for scavenging. The quantity of air thus available for scavenging is further augmented by making the aforesaid sleeve act as a pump piston within the annular space in which it slides, the compressed air thus obtained being also used in part for nebuliziug a charge of fuel Into the engine cylinder. The amount of such charge is regulated by controlling the operation of a plunger pump.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate our invention, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through an engine embodying my invention: Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section through the pump and the distributer: and Fig. 4 is a semi-diagrammatic view showing the connections of the pump and distributer, said two parts being shown in section on the lines 4'4. and 4"4" respectively of Fig. 3.

The engine cylinders 10, of which there may be any desired number though a two cylinder engine is illustrated, are mounted usual crank shaft 12. Connecting rods 13 connect the cranks of the shaft 12 to the pins 14. in the pistons 15. Each crank of the shaft 12 is preferably formed between rate closed portion or chamber of the crank case 11. Each of such crank case portions or chambers opens upwardly from thebottom of the corresponding cylinder 10, and

either side of the pin 14 in smooth curves,

as shown in Fig. 2. n annular series of inlet ports 23 is provided in the sleeve 20 at its lower end, or where it joins piston 15, this series being broken at the two ends of the pin 14. When the piston 15 is at the bottom of its movement the ports 23 register with the upper ends of correspondingly arranged ports or passages 24 in the walls of the cylinder 10, the lower ends of such passages 24 opening into the space within the cylinder below the piston. The upper reservoir to a distributor, which comprises a casing 36 and a rotary member 37, the easing belng connected to pipes 38'equal in number to the/number of engine cylinders and equally distributed around. the casing 36. The rotary member 37 of the distributer is driven at the same speed as the engine shaft 12, conveniently by being mounted on such shaft, and is provided with a circumferential groove 39 connected to the pipe 35 and with a segmental groove 40 which communicates wtih the groove 39 and opens successively to the various pipes 38 as the member 37 is rotated. Each pipe 38, in a multicylinder engine, is connected through a check valve 41 to the air passage 42 of a nebulizer 43, suitabl mounted in the depressed cylinder hea finders, and through a relief valve space below the piston in the cylinder and crank case of another of the engine cylinin a single cylinder engine, the connections of the pipes 38 to all but one of the cylinders and its crank case are simply omitted. The relief valves 44 are set for a higher pressure than are the valves 41, so that they only operate when the back pressure in the valves 41 exceeds the difierence in such setting.

The air passage 42 of the nebulizer 43 is annular in form, and its inner end is turned inwardly so that it discharges the air into the cylinder in a converging cone. Axially arranged inside of the air passage 42 is a 50, the inner end of which is conical valve seat to receive the conical valve 51, which is held to its seat by a spring 52. When fuel is forced through the passage 50, the valve 51 is lifted from 1ts seat and the fuel is forced into the cylinder in a diverging cone the shape of which is determined by the valve 51. This diverging cone of fuel crosses the converging cone of air from the passage 42 and is effectively nebulized thereby.

Fuel is supplied to the passage 50 of each of the nebulizers by a pipe 53, which opens to plunger pump casing 54 and is connected to a fuel supply pipe 56 by a valve 55 which opens toward the pipe 53. The plunger 57 of directly connected to one of a plurality of reciprocating bars 58, of equal number with the number of engine cylinders and equally distributed around and movable radially in a casing 59 The bars 58 with their associated plungers 57 are pressed radially inward in the casing 59 by springs 60, and may be moved radially outward against the action of such springs by a cam 61, mounte on a shaft passing centrally through the casing 5S). This shaft may be either the engine shaft 12 or some other shaft driven at a speed proportional to that of the shaft 12; as shown it is the shaft 12 itself. The inward movement of the bars 58 is limited by a cam 63 rotatably mounted on the shaft 12 or on a shoulder on the cam 61, cam 63 be- 65 ing provided with spiral cam surfaces (34 cofuel passage formed into a after the ports 23 register the cylinder of the piston when each plunger pump 15 with shoulders on the several The cam 63 is adjustable around suitable means, which may operating bars 58. shaft 12 by any .be connected to the cam by connecting means 66.

When a piston of the engine is in or near its uppermost position, or at or near the end of the cylinder remote from the shaft 12, the compressed explosive mixture between the piston or cylinder head is exploded and the piston is the shaft 12 As the piston moves downward it compresses the air in that portion of the crank case 11 which is directly beneath, such air being prevented from escaping by the valve 17 As the explosion acts on a iston area having only 2 diameter of the sleeve 20, and the piston compresses forced downward or toward the air in the subjacent portion or chamber of the crank case for the full area of the .outer diameter of the sleeve 20, the com.- pression efiected is greater than the piston displacement, and even, if the thickness of the sleeve is made sufficient, than the capacity of the cylinder at atmospheric pressure.

As a. piston nears the lower end of its stroke, the exhaust ports 25 and 26 register to relieve any compression remaining within the cylinder, and immediately therewith the upper ands of the passages 24 The compressed air in the crank case llnow rushes through the passages 24 and ports 23 into the .cylinder, effectually scavenging such cylinder by forcing the burnt gases out through the exhaust ports 25-and 26. Because of the excess of compressed air in the crankcase, which excess is further augmented as hereinafter pointed out, some waste of atmospheric air through the exhaust ports isv allowed, thus insuring the effectual scavenging of the cylinder. The slow movement 0 at the extreme lower end of its movement allows ample time for this scavenging.

Asa piston rises, it closes the ports 23 and 25 and compresses the air in the cylinder, at the same time compressing the air in the space 21 and forcing it through the valve 31 and pipe 3'2 into tank 34. After the ports have been closed. the cam 61 operates the proper plunger 57 to force fuel through the fuel passage 50 of the corresponding nebulizer, the fuel charge being controlled by the cam 63. At the same time. the rotary member 37 of the distributer admits air from the tank 34, through the pipe 35, the proper pipe 38, and the. proper valve 41, .into the air passage 42 ofthe nebulizer. The air and fuel pass from the nebulizer into the cylinder in intersecting cones. as pointed out above, nebulized fuel mixing effectively with the air already in the cylinder. As the compression within the cylinder rises, the back presthe sure in the pipe 38 becomes suficient to force open the corresponding valve 44, (if the enengine cylinder, preferably a section in which air is then being compressed. This gives the augmented air excess, for scavengmg, as already referred to. As the piston moves upward, it also, in addition to comspace 21, draws air into the corresponding crank case section through the valve 17.

lVhen the piston is at or near the top of its stroke, the compressed explosive mixture in the cylinder is exploded in suitable manner, as by a spark plug in the depressed cylinder head 22; and the foregoing cycle is repeated To vary the fuel charge, the cam (33 is adjusted to vary the length of the stroke of the plunger 57.

In some instances, it is desirable to omit the: tank 34,

may also: be omitted, a v v a valve 31 discharges directly into the: pipe 38 leading to the corresponding nebulizer. Whether or not the distributer and the tank are used depends very largely on the number of cylinders: of the engine, the two cylinder arrangement shown being merely illustrative of the principle of our invention What we claim as new is:

1.. A two cvcle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a depressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a piston movable in said cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annular space, inlet and exhaust valves connected to said annular space, and a nebulizer discharging into said cylinder and supplied with air from said exhaust valve.

2. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a depressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a piston movable in said cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annular space, the explosion chamber of the engine being between said piston and said depressed cylinder head, inlet and exhaust valves connected to said annular space, and a tank connected to the exhaust valve.

3. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprisinga cylinder having a depressed cylinder head separated from'the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a plston movable in said cylinder and provided with a sleeve which moves with the piston and slidingly fits in said annular space, the explosion chamber of the engine being between said piston and said depressed cylinder head, and inlet and exhaust valves connected to that end of said annular space toward which the sleeve moves when the piston approaches the cylinder hea two cycle internal combustion encomprising a cylinder having body of the cylinder by an annular space, a

aust valves connected to said annular space, and a tank connected. tn the exhaust valve.

5. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder pressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an. annular space, a. piston movable in said cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits. in said annular space, the explosion chamber of the engine being between said piston and said depressed cylinder head, said sleeve being provided at its opposite ends with inlet having a deand exhaust ports which cooperate with inlet and exhaust ports in opposite ends of the cylinder, inlet and exhaust valves connected to said annular space, and a tank connected to the exhaust valve.

6. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a depressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a piston, movable in said cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annular space, said sleeve being pro? vided at its opposite ends with inlet and exhaust ports which cooperate with inlet and exhaust ports in opposite ends of the cylinder, said inlet and exhaust ports in the cylinder being spaced apart lengthwise of the cylinder a greater distance than the length ,of the piston stroke, inlet and exhaust valves connected to said annular space, and a nebulizer discharging into said cylinder and supplied with air from said exhaust valve.

7. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a depressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a piston movable in said cylinder. and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annularsp'ace, said sleeve being provided at its opposite ends with inlet and exhaust ports which cooperate with inlet and exhaust ports in opposite ends of the cylinder, inlet and exhaust "alves connected to iis said annular space, and anebulizer ,disannular space, a piston fitting into each charging into said cylinder and supplied cylinder and provided with a sleeve which with air from said exhaust valve, slidingly fits in said annular spaceto serve 8. A two cycle internal combustion enas a pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust 5 gene, comprising a cylinder having a deports controlled by said sleeve, a closed cas- 70 pressed cyllnder head separated from the ing in which air is compressed by each pisbody of the cylinder by an annular space, a ton as it moves away from the correspond- I piston movable in said cylinder and pro ing cylinder head,.'inlet and exhaust valves vided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in connected with the annular space surrounda said annular space, said sleeve being proing each cylinder head, and means for adas vided at its opposite ends with inlet and inittingair compressed by the pump action exhaust ports which cooperate with inlet f the sleeves in said annular spaces into and exhaust ports in opposite ends of the said closed casings when air is being comcylinder, said inlet and exhaust ports in the pressed in the lattercylinder being spaced apart lengthwise of 12. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal 80 the cylinder a greater distance than the combustion engine, comprising a plurality length of the piston stroke, inlet and exof cylinders each having a depressed cylinhause valves connected to said annular der head separated from the cylinder by an space, a nebulizer discharging into said cylannular space, a piston fitting into each cyl- 2o inder and supplied with air from said exinder and provided with a 'sleeve which 85 haust valve, and a plunger pumpoperated slidingly fits in said annular space to serve at a speed proportional to the piston speed as a pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust and supplying fuel to said nebulizer. ports controlled by, said sleeve, said inlet 9. A two cycle internal combustion en'- and exhaust ports being spaced farther gine, comprising a cylinder having a' deapart lengthwise of the cylinder than the 90 pressed cylinder head separated from the length of the piston stroke, a closed casing body of the cylinder by an annular space, a in which air is compressed by each piston as piston movable in said cylinder and proit moves away from the corresponding cylvided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in inder head, inlet and exhaust valves connectsaid annular space, said sleeve being proed with the annular space surrounding each 95 vided at its opposite ends with inlet and excylinder head, a storage tank connected haust ports'which cooperate with inlet and with said exhaust valves, a distributor conexhaust ports in opposite ends of the cylnected with said tank and driven at proporinder, inlet and exhaust valves connected to tional speed with the engine, and connec- 5 said annular space, a nebulizer discharging tions between said distributer and the va- 1 0 into said cylinder and supplied with air rious closed casings. from said exhaust valve, and a plunger 13. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal pump operated at a speed proportional to combustion engine, comprising a plurality the piston speed and supplying fuel to said of cylinders each having a depressed cylin- 40 nebulizer. der head separated from the cylinder by an 1 5 10. A multi-cylindertwo cycle internal annular space, a piston fitting into each cylcombustion' engine, comprising a plurality inder and provided with a sleeve whic of cylinders each having a depressed cylinshdingly fits in said annular space to serve der head separated from the cylinder by an as a pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust annular space, a piston fitting into each ports controlled by said sleeve, a closed cas- 110 cylinder and provided with a sleeve which mg in which air is compressed by each pisslidingly fits in said annular space to serve ton as it moves away from the corresponds a p piston therein, inl t and exhaust mg cylinder head, inlet and exhaust'valves ports controlled by said sleeve, said inlet connected w th the annular space surroundand exhaust ports being spaced farther mg each cylinder head, a storage tank con- 115 apart lengthwise of the cylinder than the nected with said exhaust valves, a distribulength of the piston stroke, a closed casing ter connected with said tank'and driven at in which air is compressed by each piston as proport onal speed w th the engine, and it moves away from the corresponding cylconnections between said distributer and the inder head, inlet and exhaust valves convarious closed casings. 1.20 nected with the annular space surrounding 14:. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal each cylinder head, and means for admitcombustion'engine, comprising a plurality ting air compressed by the pump action 0 of cylinders each having a depressed cylinthe sleeves in said annular spaces into said der head separated from the cylinder by an closed casings when air is being compressed annular space, a piston fitting into each cyl- 12 in the latter. inder and provided with a sleeve which 11. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal sliding'ly fits in said annular space to serve combustion engine, comprising a plurality as a pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust of cylinders each having a depressed cylinports controlled by said sleeve, said inlet der head separated from the cylinder by an and exhaust ports being spaced farther a various closed casings,

apart lengthwise of the cylinder than the length of the piston stroke, a closed casing in which air is compressed by each piston each cylinder head, a storage tank connected with said exhaust valves, a distributer connected with said tank and driven at proportional speed with the engine, connections between said distributer and the various closed casings, nebulizers feeding the various cylinders, and connections from said distributer-s to the air passages of the nebulizers.

15. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylinders each having a depressed cylinder head separated from the cylinder by an annular space, a piston fitting into each cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annular space to serve as a pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust ports controlled by said sleeve, a closed casing in which air is compressed by each piston as it moves'away from the correspondmg cylinder head, inlet and exhaust valvesing each cylinder head, a storage tank connected with said exhaust-valve, a distributer connected with said tank and driven the various cylinders, and connections from said distributers to the air passages of the nebulizers.

16. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylinders each having a depressed cylinder head separated from the cylinder by an annular space, a piston fitting into each cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annular space to serve as a pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust said sleeve, said inlet and exhaust ports being spaced apart lengthwise of the cylinder a greater distance than the length of the piston stroke, inlet and exhaust valves connected with the annular space surrounding each cylinder head, a storage tank exhaust valves, a distributer connected with said tank and driven at proportional speed with the engine, nebulizers feeding the various cylinders, and connections from said distributers to the air passages of the nebulizers.

l7. A multi-cylinder two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylinders each having a depressed cylinder head separated from the cylinder by an annular space, a piston fitting into each cylinder and provided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in said annular space to serve as'a connected with said.

pump piston therein, inlet and exhaust ports controlled by said sleeve, inlet and cxhaust valves connected with the annuiar space surrounding each cylinder head, a storage tank connected with said exhaust valves, a distributer connected with said tank and driven at proportional speed with the engine, nebulizers feeding the various cylinders, and connections from said distributer to the air passages of the nebulizers.

18. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder havin a depressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a piston movable in said cylinder and provided with a sleeve which moves with the shdmgly fits in said annular space and forms a ump piston therein, the explosion chamber of the engine being between said piston and said depressed cylinder head, and valves connected to said space so that the sleeve makes its compression stroke when the piston approaches the cylinder head.

19. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston, a nebulizer disc arging into the cylinder, a plunger pump supplying the fuel passage of said nebulizer, means for operating said plunger pump at a speed proportional to the engine speed, means for adjusting the length of stroke of said plunger pump, a source of air supply under pressure, and a distributer driven at a speed proportional to the engine speed and piston and nebulizer when fuel is being supplied by said plunger pump to'the fuel passage thereof.

20. An internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each cylinder, a plurality of air compressors the movable elements of which are reciprocable with the various pistons, a reservoir into which said air compressors discharge, fuel nebulizers discharg- .1ng into the respective cylinders and supplied with compressed air from said reservoir, and a distributer operated at a speed proportional to the engine speed and controlling the supply of air from sa d reservoir to said nebulizers.

21. An internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each cylinder, a plurality of air compressors the movable elements of which are reciprocable with the various pistons, fuel nebulizers discharging into the respective cylinders and supplied with compressed air from said air compressors, and a distributer operated at a speed proportional to the engine speed and controlling the supply of air from said air compressors to said nebulizers.

22. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a depressed cylinder head separated from the body of the cylinder by an annular space, a In Witness whereof, we have hereunto set piston movable in said cylinder and proour hands and seals at Indianapolis, Invided with a sleeve which slidingly fits in diana, this 13th day of May, A. D. one said annglar spaize, inleit and exhaustbvalves thousand nine hundred and twelve. 6 connects to sai annu ar space, a ne ulizer' discharging into said cylinder and supplied with a1r from said exhaust valve, and a plunger pump operated at a speed propor- Witnesses tional to the piston speed and supplying G120. J. SOHLEY,

10 fuel to said nebulizer. 'G. B. SGHLEY. 

